农村留守儿童交往问题的实证研究

通过自行编制的儿童交往量表,对2所农村初级中学和1所小学留守儿童进行抽样调查研究.结果表明,12个方面的交往特征上交往问题检测率分别为:亲情冷漠与憎恨占留守儿童数量的1.7%;孤独与郁闷占23.2%;受歧视占4.7%;亲情梦占51.0%;担忧与失眠占11.7%;学习辅导缺失占1.3%;受欺负与攻击占11.1%;放任与自暴自弃占14.8%;虚拟社区占2.3%;亲情管教缺失占9.4%;亲师占67.8%;疏远老师占17.1%;亲同学占84.9%;疏远同学占11.4%.留守儿童存在着比较严重的交往问题,最为典型的是亲情梦,孤独与郁闷,放任与自暴自弃,担忧与失眠,受欺负与攻击等.留守儿童的交往问题显著地受父母在外打工时间和回家间隔时间长短的影响,时间越长影响越严重.同时存在年级差异和性别差异,年级越低受到的影响越大,4年级留守儿童显著地在各个交往特征上受到最深重的影响.留守儿童女生比男生在交往交流问题上需要更多的关注和帮护.     

一类次对称矩阵反问题的最小二乘解

讨论了一类次对称矩阵反问题的最小二乘解，得到了解的具体表达式；并就这类矩阵的左右逆特征对问题进行了讨论，得到了有解的充分条件及解的通式。     

生物脱胶苎麻纤维性能研究

应用一种简便、廉价的细菌脱胶方法对苎麻进行脱胶，研究脱胶后的苎麻纤维性能。结果表明，苎麻细菌脱胶后残胶率1．82％，达到了脱胶要求。且松散了苎麻纤维横截面组织结构，对苎麻中纤维素无破坏，提高了上染色率12％左右，单纤维强力比碱液脱胶的大0．15N／tex，对白度影响不大。说明该脱胶法是一种绿色生产工艺。     

Effect of high protein rice on nitrogen retention and growth of preschool children on a rice-based diet

The effect of high protein milled rices (IR480-5-9 and IR2153-338-3, 10% protein) on the nitrogen retention and growth of preschool Indian children was assessed in two feeding trials in a residential home. The children were offered, ad libitum, a rice-based diet in four meals daily without vitamin and mineral supplement. The children in the experimental group were given the high protein rice; those in the control group were given a local rice (7% protein). The groups had similar percent apparent digestibility and retention of dietary nitrogen. Statistically significant differences in increase in height and weight between the two groups were not consistently observed at the end of 4.5 to 5 months or 1 year. Possible factors contributing to these results are discussed.     

Flea market finds and global exports: Four multistate outbreaks of human Salmonella infections linked to small turtles,United States—2015

Zoonotic transmission of Salmonella infections causes an estimated 11% of salmonellosis annually in the United States. This report describes the epidemiologic, traceback and laboratory investigations conducted in the United States as part of four multistate outbreaks of Salmonella infections linked to small turtles. Salmonella isolates indistinguishable from the outbreak strains were isolated from a total of 143 ill people in the United States, pet turtles, and pond water samples collected from turtle farm A, as well as ill people from Chile and Luxembourg. Almost half (45%) of infections occurred in children aged <5 years, underscoring the importance of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendation to keep pet turtles and other reptiles out of homes and childcare settings with young children. Although only 43% of the ill people who reported turtle exposure provided purchase information, most small turtles were purchased from flea markets or street vendors, which made it difficult to locate the vendor, trace the turtles to a farm of origin, provide education and enforce the United States federal ban on the sale and distribution of small turtles. These outbreaks highlight the importance of improving public awareness and education about the risk of Salmonella from small turtles not only in the United States but also worldwide.     

农村留守与非留守儿童健康状况调查分析——以连云港市为例

[目的]调查连云港地区农村留守和非留守儿童的生活习惯与健康状况及二者之间的关系,为构建农村留守儿童健康管理模式、开展针对性的干预措施提供参考。[方法]采用整群抽样方法,使用问卷调查农村中学15～17岁初三年级637位同学的生活习惯和健康状况,其中留守儿童422人(66.2%),非留守儿童215人(33.8%)。[结果]农村留守儿童处于亚健康的比例显著高于农村非留守儿童(P<0.05),近视率和贫血率极显著高于农村非留守儿童(P<0.01),此外,农村留守儿童还存在便秘和痔疮现象,但与农村非留守儿童之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。在生活习惯上,农村留守与非留守儿童均存在日饮水量偏少、睡眠时间不足、运动量不足、吸烟、喝酒等问题,且在多数方面,留守儿童的生活习惯问题更为严重。[结论]农村留守儿童的健康状况不容乐观,其生活习惯有待改善,值得社会关注。     

论威廉·华兹华斯的“愉快”诗学

威廉·华兹华斯的诗学理念在《抒情歌谣集》序言中有较为完备的阐述,其中表达了一种观念,即诗歌创作所传递的情感应该是一种“愉快”的情感,我们称之为“愉快”诗学思想。以《我好似一朵流云独自漫游》、《廷腾寺》、《我们共七个》等作品为例,从华兹华斯的自然情怀和儿童情结出发,分析出华兹华斯“愉快”诗学的创作原则,即：立足于生命本体需要,坚持生命内在的幸福感与外在自然和社会的和谐。就其核心内涵和社会影响而言,华兹华斯的“愉快”诗学思想对当下文学艺术创作及社会发展变迁,具有一定的现实意义。     

儿童户外游戏场地自然化设计探析

文中分析儿童游戏场地自然化的意义,探讨儿童游戏场地的构成特点,分别从提升自然式游戏要素吸引力、创造自然情境以及扩展自然感知空间3个方面提出儿童户外游戏场地自然化的设计要点。       

浅谈重庆图书馆如何保障盲童读者的阅读权利

图书馆有责任来保障盲童读者的阅读权利,本文先简单介绍了重庆图书馆视障阅览室的情况,提出重庆市盲童读者的阅读现状和困境,总结了重庆图书馆为保障盲童读者阅读权利所采取的措施。